Five Things to Know Before Becoming a Landlord

Increased cash flow, property appreciation, and tax benefits are three major reasons why people want to own rental properties. But being a landlord takes time and money, so before you purchase an investment property or rent out your own home, make sure you understand what's involved.

1. Basic duties of a landlord

Your rental property is a business, and being a landlord comes with a great deal of financial and legal responsibility. Some of the major duties of a landlord include:

• Finding responsible tenants. This includes advertising and showing your property, and screening applicants.
• Preparing and executing a lease. The lease, or rental agreement, must conform to legal requirements, and include information such as the lease period, rent amount, and tenant names, and must specify lease terms and conditions.
• Maintaining the property. Your property must be safe and fit to live in, and must comply with all health and building codes. You may need to be available at all hours to respond to urgent tenant issues.
• Collecting rent. There may be periods when the property is vacant or your tenant hasn't paid the rent on time, so make sure you're prepared for the financial ramifications.

2. Rental laws

Each state has its own laws designed to protect the interests of both landlords and tenants. These laws cover many areas, including security deposits, how and when you can access the property, and what rights each party has. Local laws may also apply.

You'll also need to adhere to federal laws governing housing and discrimination. One of these laws is the Fair Housing Act that prohibits discrimination due to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, familial status, and disability. Another is the Fair Credit Reporting Act. You must comply with this Act if you run consumer reports such as background checks or credit reports when screening potential tenants or making decisions about current tenants.

3. Insurance requirements

Contact your insurance company to find out what type of insurance you need to cover your rental property. You may need a landlord or rental dwelling policy that covers damage to the home's structure, and that provides liability coverage to protect against legal fees and medical costs in the event your tenant or someone else is hurt on the property.

4. Keeping records

Keeping good records is essential. Having accurate maintenance and repair records will substantiate that you've fully addressed property issues in the event of a dispute with a tenant. Other important documentation includes legally required records such as move-in/move-out inspections and security deposit receipts, and supporting documents for rental income and expenses that will be especially important at tax time.

5. How to get help

There's no doubt that being a landlord is a lot of work. Fortunately, professional help is available.

Hiring a property management company may be a good option when you don't have the time or the expertise to manage your property directly, or when you live out of town. A property manager can handle all the details and legal requirements of renting out your property. Of course, this know-how comes at a cost, but it may be well worth it if you want to minimize the risks and maximize the rewards of being a landlord.

You may also need the advice of an attorney and a tax professional who can help you navigate the complexities of owning rental property.