|
529 plans
|
Coverdell ESA
|
U.S. savings bonds
|
Custodial account
|
Participation restrictions
|
No (though state-run prepaid tuition plans are generally limited to state residents) |
Yes, income limit
for contributions and $2,000 maximum annual contribution
per child* |
No, but ability
to exclude bond proceeds from federal income tax depends on
income |
No |
Investment control
(of the underlying investments)
|
No |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Federal tax-exempt withdrawals
(if funds are used for qualified
education expenses) |
Yes
(withdrawals may also be exempt from state income tax, depending on state law) |
Yes
(withdrawals may also be exempt from state income tax, depending on state
law) |
Yes, but income
limits and other requirements must be met (bond proceeds
are generally exempt from state income tax) |
No |
Penalties
(if funds aren't used for qualified education
expenses) |
Yes, a 10 percent
federal penalty applies to the earnings portion of all
nonqualified withdrawals (a state penalty may also
apply) |
Same as 529
plans |
No, but the bond
proceeds won't be exempt from federal income tax |
No, but
withdrawals from the account can only be made for the
child's benefit |
Federal financial aid treatment
(student assets are weighed more heavily than parent assets) |
Parent asset (if parent is account owner) |
Parent asset (if parent is account owner) |
Parent asset (if parent is owner of bonds) |
Student
asset |
Fees and expenses
|
College savings plan:
typically an annual maintenance fee, administration fees, and investment expenses based on a percentage of total account value
Prepaid tuition plan:
typically an enrollment fee and various administrative fees |
There may be fees associated with opening and/or maintaining an account, depending on financial institution |
No fees or expenses, except for the possibility of brokerage fees if bonds are purchased through a broker |
There may be fees associated with opening and/or maintaining an account, depending on financial institution |